CONFIDENTIAL ADOPTION IN THE DIGITAL AGE: A LEGAL APPRAISAL OF THE PRIVACY RIGHTS OF ADOPTED CHILDREN ON SOCIAL MEDIA IN NIGERIA

Abstract

This study examines the legal implications of social media disclosures for the privacy rights of adopted children in Nigeria against the backdrop of the increasing use of digital platforms to document and share personal and family experiences. While adoptive parents often post photographs, videos, personal stories, and details of adoption journeys to celebrate family life, promote adoption awareness, or encourage prospective adopters, such disclosures may unintentionally expose adopted children to risks including stigma, cyberbullying, identity theft, emotional harm, and the loss of control over their personal information. The permanence and wide accessibility of online content further challenge the traditional principle of adoption confidentiality, which is intended to protect the identity, dignity, and welfare of adopted children. This paper adopting a doctrinal research method, analyzed relevant constitutional provisions, statutory enactments, international human rights instruments, and selected comparative jurisdictions to evaluate the adequacy of Nigeria's legal framework in protecting the privacy of adopted children in the digital age. The study finds that although Nigerian law recognizes the right to privacy and upholds the best interests of the child as the paramount consideration in matters affecting children, it does not adequately address the unique challenges arising from the online disclosure of adoption-related information. It argues that the rapid digitalization of family life necessitates a reassessment of the traditional concept of adoption confidentiality to ensure effective protection of adopted children in the online environment. The study recommends legislative reforms and the development of clear regulatory guidelines.