FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION AND RIGHT TO TRADE UNION ACTIVITIES: APPRAISAL OF INTERNATIONAL LABOUR STANDARDS AND NIGERIAN LABOUR LAWS

Abstract

Freedom of association and the right to engage in trade union activities are fundamental labour rights recognized under international labour standards and domestic legal systems. These rights enable workers and employers to form and join organizations of their choice for the promotion and protection of their economic and social interests. This article examines the legal framework governing freedom of association and trade union activities under international labour standards and Nigerian labour laws. It analyses key international instruments, particularly those of the International Labour Organization (ILO), alongside relevant constitutional and statutory provisions regulating trade unionism in Nigeria. The study evaluates the extent to which Nigerian labour laws comply with internationally accepted principles relating to workers’ rights to organize, collectively bargain, and participate in trade union activities without interference or discrimination. Adopting a doctrinal research methodology, the article relies on primary and secondary sources, including statutes, international conventions, judicial decisions, textbooks, and scholarly literature. The study finds that although Nigeria has ratified several international labour instruments guaranteeing freedom of association, certain legislative and practical constraints continue to impede the full realization of these rights. Challenges such as restrictions on trade union registration, employer interference, anti-union practices, and limitations on industrial actions remain significant concerns. The article concludes that greater legislative reforms, effective enforcement mechanisms, and stronger institutional commitment are necessary to align Nigerian labour laws with international labour standards and ensure adequate protection of trade union rights.