NAVIGATING THE WATERS: SYNERGIES AND CHALLENGES AT THE INTERSECTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND ADMIRALTY LAW

Abstract

This paper examines the intersection of maritime law and environmental protection, highlighting their convergent interests and inherent tensions. While both fields aim for sustainable maritime operations, their differing histories and jurisdictions often lead to divergent approaches to liability and pollution prevention. A significant challenge lies in achieving uniform enforcement across international and domestic systems, especially regarding transboundary degradation from shipping. Inconsistent standards for causation and damages often hinder remediation and equitable compensation, necessitating integrated legal frameworks. Furthermore, contemporary environmental mandates frequently conflict with traditional doctrines like flag state autonomy and limited shipowner liability. By analysing key conventions such as MARPOL and UNCLOS alongside judicial precedents, this study identifies persistent disputes and opportunities for synergy, including enhanced port state control. Ultimately, the article advocates for a synthesised legal strategy that balances maritime commerce with environmental imperatives to strengthen global ocean governance.